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‘The Castellorizian’ welcomes Greek community in grand opening

The Castellorizian Association of NSW’s new home, ‘The Castellorizian’, was officially opened on Saturday with the cut of a blue ribbon from Archbishop Makarios and NSW Governor Margaret Beazley.

Master of Services John Mangos, who is of Castellorizian heritage, welcomed all attending honourable dignitaries and Greek community leaders to the private grand opening, saying how proud he was that himself and all other Kazzies “finally have a home again.”

Prior to the afternoons proceedings, NSW Governor Margaret Beazley was presented with a special Castellorizian badge from the Secretary coordinator of History and Archives, Victoria Kazaglis Gallagher. The gift was pinned on Her Excellency in the new cultural centre, where the Castellorizian Association costume exhibit was on display.

“This place, just as your island, is very much about community,” Her Excellency said in her speech.

“An island off the mainland… but whose community actually reflects its stunning beauty. Why do I say that? Because you are a stunning and a beautiful community.”

Following the NSW Governor’s speech, His Eminence Archbishop Makarios performed a formal blessing for the new building. The Archbishop expressed gratitude for being in Australia, where functions and community gatherings such as these are able to be held.

Photo copyright: Peter Oglos / The Greek Herald.

“When you are in a communion you’re not a stranger. When you’re in a society can be a stranger. We are here together as a communion,” Archbishop Makarios said.

“I believe in my experience that Australia is not only a society, but a communion.”

Along with Her Excellency and the Archbishop, other honourable dignitaries present at the event included Dr Fiona Martin, MP for Reid, Michael Daley, MP for Maroubra, Konstantinos Giannakodimos, representing the Consul General of Greece in Sydney Christos Karras, Very Rev. Steven Scoutas, Daniel Said, Randwick Council Mayor, Matt Thistlethwaite, MP for Kingsford Smith, Anthony Andrews, Harry Stavrinos and Dennis Wilson of Randwick Council.

Photo copyright: Peter Oglos / The Greek Herald.

Association President George Pizanis gave extensive thanks to all community and support members who stood by the Association’s side during the extensive process of building a new Castellorizian home.

“There was an idea to bring together a group of passionate, remarkable people, to see if we could rebuild an organisation that closed in 2010. Driven by determination, strength and a love for the Castellorizian community,” Pizanis said.

“The goal: To bring together all Castellorizian friends in NSW to a hub which we can call home. Kingsford being the optimum place as the island of Castellorizo and Randwick Council have been sister cities since the club’s inception.”

Photo copyright: Peter Oglos / The Greek Herald.

“As you can see we have built an incredible beacon for our community and for all of us to share.”

Pizanis continued by recognising a number of community members present in the audience, as well as all the current board members: Nicholas Anastasas (Vice President), Peter Salakas (Treasurer), George Mavrocordatos, John M Barbouttis, Angelo Elliott, Victoria Kazaglis Gallagher and James Mavros.

Konstantinos Giannakodimos, representing the Consul General of Greece in Sydney, said since the arrival of the first Castellorizian migrant in the 19th century, they have become one of the wealthiest and most prosperous Greek communities.

John Barbouttis, a former President and current board director of the Association, also spoke about their strong, ever-lasting connection with the Greek island.

Official proceedings concluded with the unveiling of a plaque by the Archbishop and Her Excellency, as well as a separate plaque by the Castellorizian Association board members.

Antissian community of Sydney celebrate Mother’s Day in presence of Ambassador of Greece

The Antissian Association of New South Wales held a special Mother’s Day luncheon at Yiamas Greek Taverna in St Peters, Sydney, on Sunday in the presence of a number of Greek community leaders.

Ambassador of Greece to Australia, George Papacostas, along with the High Commissioner of Cyprus in Australia, Martha Mavrommatis, arrived from Canberra to attend the luncheon. It was Mr Papacostas’ first time in Sydney.

A number of speeches were given during the luncheon, which was attended by about 100 people including, but not limited to, the President of the Greek Orthodox Community & Church of Canberra, John Loukadellis, and the President of the Mytilenian Brotherhood of Sydney & NSW, Peter Psomas.

(L-R) Ambassador George Papacostas, High Commissioner of Cyprus, Martha Mavrommatis, President of the Greek Orthodox Community & Church of Canberra, John Loukadellis, and George Tserdanis. Photo: The Greek Herald.

Co-President of the Antissian Association of NSW, Maria Iatrou, spoke first and welcomed everyone to the event, before introducing Mr Papacostas to say a few words.

In his speech, the Ambassador thanked everyone for welcoming him to his first-ever event in Sydney and went on to speak about his love of the Greek island of Lesvos.

Everyone enjoyed the event. Photo: The Greek Herald.

For her part, Ms Mavrommatis congratulated all the mothers and grandmothers in the audience for their hard work and dedication to their families, before giving her own personal story of Mother’s Day on May 9 where she was given a huge bouquet of flowers from Mr Loukadellis, as she spent the day separated from her husband and children.

“That is the Greek philotimo!” Ms Mavrommatis said to wild applause.

After the official proceedings, attendees enjoyed a Greek feast as Tassos Bouzouki played his well-known Greek tunes in the background.

Antikythera Mechanism: 10 things you need to know

By Chrisos Mavromoustakos.

The Antikythera Mechanism is described as the oldest analogue computer, which was found on a shipwreck off the coast of Antikythera in 1901. The device served many functions, but here are 10 fascinating things you need to know about the Antikythera mechanism.

1. The Mechanism Was Discovered Amongst Other Unique Items

Sponge divers from Symi discovered the mechanism in 1900. The Roman ship was discovered at a depth of 45 metres along with numerous artefacts, discoveries and items found. These included statues, coins, jewellery, pottery and glassware. However, the Antikythera mechanism was not found until 1901.

2. There is a Link to Julius Cesar

How does a Roman Empire have ties with the Antikythera Mechanism? Well, it is believed that the ship that crashed was heading to Rome from Rhodes. The items on the ship were classified as treasure, which were looted. The ship was preparing for a triumphant parade in honour of Julius Cesar.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons.

3. The Antikythera Mechanism Follows the Movements of the Sun and Moon

In 2008 at Cardiff University, modern computer x-ray tomography read fading inscriptions which were present within the machine. It was discovered that there was 37 bronze gears which allow it to follow the movements of the Sun and Moon, through zodiac which can predict eclipses. There is a silver ball which also displays lunar phases.

4. The Mechanism Shaped the Olympic Games

The Antikythera Mechanism had 2 large dials. The large upper dial had a moving pointer to show the 235 synodic months in the Metonic cycle. This is a period of 19 years where the phases of the moon occur at the same time of the year. On top of this, a dial showed when the ancient Olympic Games should take place. The large lower turn dial indicated when there would be a lunar eclipse.

5. The Way It Worked Is Lost

The way in which the mechanism was operated has been lost. It was operated by a small hand crank which would be turned. This was linked through the crown gear. This would move the date pointer to the correct day on the Egyptian calendar. Moving the crank would cause all interlocked gears to rotate showing the exact position of the Sun and Moon.

6. LEGO has Its Own Model

A fully working model was constructed from LEGO in 2010. It was also featured in a short film and has since been displayed in museums worldwide. The mechanism has also been featured on Google, the BBC and on the video game Eve Online.

7. The Antikythera Mechanism Is Also a Coding Tool

Nowadays, computer codes are inputted within them. However, with the Antikythera Model, coding was done manually by the user using the series of gears. Entering the date on one gear could produce amazing astrology results. Another gearing/coding tool, the calculator did not hit Europe until the 1600s, so the Antikythera Mechanism was definitely advanced for its time.

8. Little Functions with Big Meanings

Each dial had different functions which could be all be used through a simple crank. There would be little stones which move across the machines interface to show the motion of planets like Mercury and Saturn in the night sky. It also included solar and lunar calendars as well a pearl-sized ball, which would rotate based off the phase of the moon.

9. The Mechanism Was Untouched for 75 Years

After discovering the mechanism, the gold statues and jewellery took priority over this rusty old blast from the past. It wasn’t until 1951 that the mechanism was actually looked at. 20 more years of study and research, and a publication about the mechanism was released in 1974. This was made by historian Derek De Solla Price, however, his death to 1983 left a bigger question as he never understood how to actually use the mechanism.

10. Why It Was Used Remains A Mystery

Although the functionality has been discovered, how and why it was being used has remained a mystery to this day. It could have been made in a temple or school, or by a rich family. There is simply nothing else to compare it to, so discovering why these people actually used it could be a secret that will never be told.

Greek Genocide commemorated with solemn wreath laying ceremony in Sydney

A solemn Divine Liturgy and wreath laying ceremony was held on Sunday at St Raphael, Nicholas and Irene Greek Orthodox Church in Liverpool to remember the Pontian Greeks who lost their lives during the Greek Genocide committed by the Ottoman Turks.

The Liturgy, which was coordinated by Pontoxeniteas NSW, Panagia Soumela Sydney and Diogenes Wollongong, was presided over by His Eminence Archbishop Makarios of Australia, with the help of His Grace Bishop Emilianos, His Grace Bishop Elpidios and parish priest Father Asterios, among many other clergy.

About 270 people filled the church pews and watched on as youths dressed in traditional Greek costumes from the region of Pontus stood proudly at the front of the church and became an integral part of the service.

The Liturgy marked the first time Archbishop Makarios had attended the Liverpool parish since it reopened following the resignation of the old Administrative Committee. During the ceremony, the first-ever Parish priest, Father Christos, was ordained an Elder and Archbishop Makarios hailed a new era for the community.

This was followed by a speech from Archbishop Makarios on the Greek Genocide, where he described the massacre of 353,000 Pontian Greeks, the violent Islamisation of the population, as well as the destruction of historical and Christian monuments in the area.

His Eminence also strongly called for the international community, including the Australian Government, to recognise the Greek Genocide.

“We wait for the just recognition of this historical reality throughout the Parliaments of Australia and amongst the international community. Not out of spiteful retribution and hate, but because such recognition is a way of ensuring that similar crimes perpetrated against humanity are prevented from recurring in the future,” Archbishop Makarios said in his powerful speech.

After this speech, attendees moved outside to a monument on the parish grounds for a solemn wreath laying ceremony and memorial.

Following a small prayer from His Eminence, the reciting of the Ode in Greek and English by Peter Tsigounis and Lambros Papadopoulos from the Greek Returned Servicemen League of NSW, and a minute silence, a number of prominent members of the Greek community laid wreaths.

This included, but is not limited to, Costas Yiannakodimos, representing the Consul General of Greece in Sydney, Christos Karras, the Member for Canterbury, Sophie Cotsis MP, the Vice President of the Pontian Federation of Australia, Esta Paschalidis-Chilas, the President of Pontoxeniteas NSW, Maria Anthony, the President of Panagia Soumela Sydney, Peter Papoulidis, representing Diogenes Wollongong, Nikolaos Chrissostomidis, and representing the Youth Committee of Pontoxeniteas NSW, Kostas Papoulidis.

The wreath laying concluded with a traditional photo in front of the cenotaph with members of the Greek community and the youth dressed in their traditional costumes.

Commemorations will continue on Greek Genocide Commemoration Day on Wednesday, May 19, with an event being organised by the three Pontian associations of NSW at Marana Hall, McMahon Street, Hurstville at 7pm.

Greek President, Katerina Sakellaropoulou, commemorates Chios massacre

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Greece’s President, Katerina Sakellaropoulou, visited the Eastern Aegean island of Chios on Sunday to commemorate the Chios massacre.

The Chios massacre was one of the worst atrocities committed by the Ottoman Turks in the 19th century against the revolted Greek Christian population of the then-Empire.

”Today, here in Anavatos of Chios, we honor the memory of the thousands of undefeated martyrs of the terrible massacre committed by the Turks in 1822,” Sakellaropoulou wrote on Twitter.

“We praise the spirit of those who made the island to be reborn at the urging of their compatriot, Adamantios Korais, who said ‘You recovered and made the paternal land brighter’.”

Painted depiction of the Chios massacre by Eugène Delacroix.

What is the Chios massacre:

In March 1822, several hundred armed Greeks from the neighboring island of Samos landed on Chios. They attacked the Ottomans, who retreated to the citadel. Many islanders then decided to join the Greek War of Independence.

The Ottomans sent reinforcements to Chios on March 22. On March 31, orders were given to burn down the town, and over the next four months, another estimated 40,000 Turkish troops arrived on the island.

The troops were also ordered to kill all infants under three years old, all males 12 years and older, and all females 40 and older – except those willing to convert to Islam.

Tens of thousands of survivors dispersed throughout Europe and became part of what is known as the Chian Diaspora.

Suspect in brutal murder of British mum in Greece arrested trying to cross border

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A man has been arrested in connection with the murder of a British woman in Greece, Greek police have confirmed.

Caroline Crouch was strangled in front of her 11-month-old daughter after home invaders burst in while the family was sleeping at their home in Athens at around 4.30am on Tuesday, May 11.

Her husband Charalambos Anagnostopoulos, known as Babis, was tied up during the attack but is reported to have seen the face of his 20-year-old wife’s killer.

A 30-year-old Georgian man has now been arrested while trying to travel to Bulgaria via Evros in northern Greece with a fake passport, Kathimerini reported on Sunday.

Caroline Crouch was strangled in front of her 11-month-old daughter.

The unnamed man has also been linked by cops to another break-in at a house near where Caroline was murdered.

A police source was quoted as saying that DNA analysis suggested he was involved in tying up an elderly couple during a burglary on March 7.

The home where the other incident took place is just 20 minutes drive from the house in Glyka Nera that Caroline shared with husband Babis and daughter Lydia.

The suspect has been arrested and taken to a local police station, authorities confirmed.

Caroline’s husband paid tribute to her on Friday.

A police officer told The Sun: “We’re making headway with the inquiry and in the police laboratories based on DNA found at the scene… The list of suspects has been narrowed down to 30 people.”

On Friday, Babis paid tribute to his “beautiful” wife in front of the islanders who adopted the British student as their own.

“I was very lucky that I knew Caroline and that she loved me. I was very lucky for all the moments we shared,” he said in a tearful eulogy.

Source: The Sun.

Bishops and Archiepiscopal Vicars of Greek Orthodox Archdiocese gather

Note: Below is a formal statement by the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. This is not a statement by The Greek Herald.

The 9th Meeting of Bishops and Archiepiscopal Vicars of Australia was held under the Presidency of His Eminence Archbishop Makarios of Australia in Sydney on 13 and 14 May 2021. 

His Eminence Archbishop Makarios conveyed the Paschal greetings and blessings of His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to the holy Hierarchs and Vicars that were in attendance and updated them about current issues and initiatives of the local Church. All the items on the agenda were then considered and we announce to the clergy and Christ-loving plenitude of Australia, the following: 

a) Global social crises, such as that of the recent Covid-19 pandemic, often lead to the appearance and outbreak of zealots and para-ecclesiastical voices that cause enormous spiritual damage to God’s people, disorienting them from the theological, ecclesiastical and scientific truth. In fact, it is sad that a portion of our flock does not obey the voice of the Church, the Patriarch’s, the Synod and its Bishops, but is easily swayed and blindly follows words of “enlightened” monks, elders, abbesses, visionaries, prophecy speakers etc. We urge the people of God not to be influenced by talk of impending dangers and should not attribute the global trial of the pandemic exclusively and only to the so-called new world order. The pandemic is a real fact and in no situation can it be allowed to become a tool for gaining benefit from communication, for increasing popularity stakes, for self-promotion and especially for confirmation of “spirituality” and “holiness”. This is why it was unanimously decided to send an Encyclical by His Eminence to the pious flock of Australia, which will authoritatively, theologically and scientifically inform the plenitude of our local Church about the pandemic and vaccination. 

b) Along with the protest letters and petitions, which condemn the careless, irresponsible and ultimately malicious journalistic reports of the ABC news agency against our Archbishop Makarios, the Archdiocese and the Greek community in Australia, is added the protest of the Bishops of the Archdiocese of Australia that unequivocally condemns deceitful journalism and distortion not only for Hellenism and the Church, but for every organisation and for every person who resides in Australia. In an official statement, the body of Bishops asks ABC Management to retract the reports and to publicly apologise for the lies, slander and distortions they published about the Church, the Archbishop and the Greek community. Otherwise, it clarifies that the Archdiocese of Australia will turn to the Australian judicial system as well as other public and private organisations to restore the truth. At the same time, the gratitude by the local Church is publicly expressed to all the Organisations and bodies that strongly reacted by writing to the ABC, and whose members exceed 800,000.

e) The National Metropolitan Choir of Australia, which was established by His Eminence our Archbishop, is moving forward and will present its first official event on 26 November this year, at Sydney Town Hall to honour the completion of 30 years since the election of our Patriarch to the Patriarchal Throne. Unfortunately, due to the restrictive measures, the Metropolitan Choir will not be able to hold the event in Constantinople, and specifically in the Holy Church of St Irene, as had originally been planned for the anniversary of our Patriarch. 

f) Following the voluntary resignation of Mr Konstantinos Kontis from the Consolidated Trust of the Holy Archdiocese of Australia, His Eminence has appointed Mr Theo Bakalakisas a member. Mr Bakalakis is an Archon of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and an elect member of the Greek community in Australia who works in Cairns. 

g) The convening of the Clergy-Laity Congress is again postponed due to the restrictive measures imposed because of the pandemic in indoor venues. Determining factors in setting a new date for the meeting are the operation of the schools (the Clergy-Laity Congress will be held at St Spyridon College in Sydney) as well as the opening of the airports to non-Australian citizens, so that representatives of the Mother Church in Constantinople can attend this important event of our Holy Archdiocese. 

h) His Eminence and the members of the Synaxis (Meeting)wish all the flock of the Holy Archdiocese of Australia to always have the joy of the Resurrection and the grace of the life-giving Tomb.

The British Museum and the abduction of Persephone

By George Vardas

According to Greek mythology the goddess Persephone was the daughter of Demeter, the goddess of fertility and harvest, and almighty Zeus.  Persephone was hauntingly beautiful and so pure and lovely that, as Stephen Fry has written, the gods took to calling her Kore, which means simply the “maiden”.

But to everyone’s dismay Hades abducted Persephone and carried her off to the dark and gloomy realm of the underworld.  Demeter was distraught at her loss although the young goddess would re-emerge for part of the revolving year to be beside her mother and the other immortals.

Persephone and Hades of the Underworld

As the modern American poet Louise Glück wrote in Averno “there are places like this everywhere, places you enter as a young girl from which you never return”.

Demeter and Persephone are often thought of together as the “Two Goddesses” because they were inseparable and symbolised the power of a mother’s love for her only child after she was carried off by Hades.

The Ancient Greeks revered their gods in statuary and sculpture and art and Persephone was no exception because of her rare beauty and intensity.  The Two Goddesses famously adorned the East Pediment of the Parthenon atop the Acropolis in their “marbl’d immortality” until they were forcibly removed by Lord Elgin and his men, beginning in 1802. 

As the bride of the underworld Persephone was often cast in stone and her image used as a grave marker.  One such statue dating from the second century BC was recently the subject of legal proceedings involving the British Museum in London.

A sublime three quarter length marble funerary statue depicting a girl wearing a hood and flowing gown, with two snake-like bracelets was illegally excavated in the ancient Greek colony of Cyrenaica (Cyrene) on the Mediterranean coast of present-day Libya – and now a World Heritage site – in the chaos that followed the overthrow of the dictator Gaddafi.  It was seized by British authorities at Heathrow airport in 2013 and eventually was placed in the British Museum for safe custody and closer examination pending the outcome of legal proceedings to determine the statue’s true provenance. 

The case came before the Westminster Magistrate’s Court in 2015 and evidence was given by a number of experts, including Dr Peter Higgs, curator of Greek sculpture at the Department of Greece and Rome in the British Museum, who opined that the statue was either the goddess Demeter or her daughter Persephone and looked as though it had been excavated in recent years.

Dr Higgs added: 

“It is stunning. It is a beautiful, three-quarter-length statue, very well preserved with just a few fingers missing. It is technically brilliant in the way it has been carved, with very sharp details, and the face is very well preserved considering many Greek statues have lost noses.”

The overall consensus appears to be that it is indeed Persephone, depicted as emerging from the underworld.

The Court took the unusual step of hearing part of the case in the British Museum in order to view the statue and hear evidence from experts about its provenance and when it had been excavated.  In the end Judge Zani was satisfied that the statue was unlawfully excavated by persons unknown and ruled that the sculpture was owned by the state of Libya and should be forfeited until arrangements were made to return the statue to its rightful owners.

Libya finally took possession of their lost goddess in early May 2021 after formally announcing its repatriation.  Dr Higgs was moved to comment: 

“It is just lovely to be part of a story which has a happy ending. It will go back to Libya and stand in one of its museums as a star piece, it is a lovely feeling to be part of that.”

In contrast, after reports appeared that the “British Museum Returns Looted Ancient Greek Statue to Libya”, Hannah Boulton, Head of Press and Marketing at the British Museum, was quick to play down any possible linkage (God forbid) with the long-standing case of the Elgin Marbles, declaring:

 “This is not a sculpture that is being returned from the British Museum collection; this is part of our work in helping to identify and return illicit trade coming into the UK for potential sale.”

The Director of the British Museum, Dr Hartwig Fischer, also chimed in to point out that an “important part of the museum’s work on cultural heritage involves our close partnership with law enforcement agencies concerned with illicit trafficking”.  

That is well and good.  The British Museum has properly facilitated the return of a rare cultural artefact which was not part of its permanent collection and so there is no precedent created (unlike the case of the rare Benin Bronze plaques that were sold off as ‘duplicates’ by the British Museum back in the 1950s, but that is another story). 

The sad reality remains that the Greek Goddesses Demeter and Persephone, together with the other Parthenon Sculptures, continue to languish in the sterile underworld of the Duveen Gallery in the British Museum more than 200 years after they were carried off by Lord Elgin, totally decontextualised in the museum’s collection. 



The day is surely approaching when the Two Goddesses will be returned to Greece – their country of origin – as part of the reunification of all of the known surviving Parthenon Marbles in the purpose-built Acropolis Museum in Athens.  

If only a hearing could be held in the Duveen Gallery the stones would surely speak for themselves.

Like their spiritual descendant, Persephone of Cyrenaica, these sculptures deserve to be reunited in their original birthplace  to be appreciated in their true context as integral parts of the Parthenon monument.   

Only then will there be a happy ending with the Marbles reunited and the Trustees of the British Museum lauded for their valuable contribution to the world’s cultural heritage.  

When that day arrives, the abduction of Persephone will have finally been avenged.

Insight or Perspective: What makes a children’s book good?

By Eleni Elefterias

Which books to choose for your children and how to present them and read them to your children is another matter. You cannot just hand a child a book and expect they will enjoy it, even though there are always exceptions. 

A book, especially one that may be challenging or foreign to a child should be unravelled in order to be enjoyed. 

As promised last week, I will give you some examples of good children’s books for learning Greek and for keeping up Greek cultural traditions or simply to show children more about Greece. 

Firstly, there are no perfect books. Some will be good for Greek and others for English. Some will have wonderful illustrations, but weaker text and others will have great text but lack imagination in the Illustrations.

Children need to be inspired by both the text and the illustrations. Sometimes it is good to leave out parts if the text if it is too complicated for the age of the child. Simplify it. Go back to it later when the child understands more and read it again.

Repetition is the key. Young children love to repeat the same story again and again. They may even learn it off by heart or may be able to retell it in their own words.

A few local authors of bilingual books are Yannis Nikolakopoulos of Grammatakia publishers who has two books out, The Greek Salad and The Alpha in Athens, Anthea Matthews with the book, A Holiday in Greece, with exceptional illustrations, Catch That Cat by Melina Mallos (separate English abd Greek versions) and My Grandma is A Musician, by the writer of this opinion piece.

Keep an eye out for a new bilingual children’s storybook about to come out by Greek Australian, local author Yota Krili called Fairytales from Near and Far with the English translation by Anna Couani. All books available on www.bilingualbookshop.com.au

*Eleni Elefterias-Kostakidis is a teacher of Modern Greek, a University lecturer and the author of the bilingual children’s book ‘My Grandma is a Musician – Η γιαγιά μου είναι μουσικός’ 

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Arthur Spyrou meets with Nikos Dendias and other Five Eyes Ambassadors

Australia’s Ambassador to Greece Arthur Spyrou met with Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias and other Five Eyes Ambassadors on Friday to discuss the Greek diaspora and the situation in the Eastern Mediterranean.

The lunch function was an opportunity for each country to discuss bilateral relations with Greece, as well as exchange views on the growth of the Greek diaspora.

All ambassadors from the participating countries look to share great relations, with New Zealand’s Ambassador Anthony Simpson saying on Twitter the evening was filled with “charming company, and fascinating conversation”.

Similarly, US Ambassador to Greece Geoffrey Pyatt said the lunch was the perfect setting to “review many of the 5 eyes issues where our shared interests converge with those in Greece”.

The ‘Five Eyes’ (FVEY) is an intelligence alliance comprising Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. Under the alliance, all the listed countries are bound by the multilateral UKUSA Agreement for joint cooperation in signals intelligence, military intelligence, and human intelligence.

The surveillance capabilities of the Five Eyes were used in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, as well as during the cold war.