Yesterday, Tuesday April 20, Oakleigh Grammar celebrated its annual Term 2 Commencement Assembly.
“The event marked a very special occasion, not only because it was the first time the students were able to come together as a whole school, but also because His Eminence, Archbishop Makarios of Australia was in attendance,” reads the announcement published by the school.
The Archbishop, captivated the students touching on the challenges of 2020 and the importance of caring for one another, something that was also poetically echoed by Mr Damatopoulos, The Board President and Principal, Mark Robertson.
The Oakleigh Grammar students also made the most out of the assembly as they could finally present in front of their peers with performances including flag bearers, marching band, Greek dancing, singing and choir, to name a few.
His Eminence finished the assembly by touching on three golden words “Christ, love & unity” that the student should adhere to, getting everyone to recite them in both English and Greek. The Archbishop’s closing words fit perfectly with the 2021 Oakleigh Grammar School theme of, ‘I Can, We Will’.
Oakleigh Grammar honoured the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Crete
On Sunday April 18, the students of Oakleigh Grammar participated in different events held in Melbourne to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Crete.
A number of students attended the Doxology at St Eustathios Greek Orthodox Church in South Melbourne which was performed by the Archbishop of Australia, His Eminence Makarios.
Students and teachers also participated in the wreath laying ceremony at the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne. This event was also attended by representatives from the Australian Defence Forces, the Greek Orthodox Church as well as politicians and members of organisations.
The School Captains, Angelica Athanasakis and Alexander Logan, laid a wreath on behalf of the school community, paying tribute to Australian and Greek soldiers who lost their lives during World War II.
The staff and student of Oakleigh Grammar express their gratitude to the Battle of Crete & Greece Commemorative Council and the Chairman Mr. Jim Papadimitriou as well as the Cretan Brotherhood, the Pancretan Association and the Cretan Federation of Australia and New Zealand for successfully organising the celebrations of the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Crete.
It was this day in 1967, just weeks before the scheduled elections, that a group of army colonels led by brigadier General Stylianos Pattakos and colonels George Papadopoulos and Nikolaos Makarezos seized power in a coup d’etat and changed the course of Greece’s history.
Tanks were set all over the city, and small mobiles of men would arrest anyone suspicious of left-wing activity. All opposition to the junta were in custody as of the next morning including acting Prime Minister at the time Panagiotis Kanellopoulos.
The junta focused on far-right policies, which included the execution, exile and imprisonment of political opposition. This would involve ripping the body and hair, sexual tortures and beating the soles of those detained.
After the junta seized power, they removed eleven articles from the Greek constitution. Article 14, which describes the freedom of thought and press was immediately removed. One of the removals of the articles resulted in the immediate arrest of anyone, without a warrant.
The justification for the coup was that without it, Greece would have a ‘communist takeover’. Therefore, the coup was a plea to save Greece from a disastrous bureaucracy. The junta would use propaganda to get their points across the nation, which were led by former Marxists Georgios Georgalas and Savvas Konstantopoulos.
Although citizens could attend concerts and participate in events they constantly lived in fear. Any wrong word or action could result in imprisonment or the label of being a ‘communist’.
After the Axis control of Greece which ended in 1944, political uprest between the left and right in Greece led to many disputes. In fact, there was a Greek civil war in 1944 between the communists and the far-right movement. The defeat of the communist movement led to a win by the Democratic Army of Greece, which was supported by the Americans and the British.
The collapse of the junta both ideologically and politically were triggered by a series of events.
In November 1973, the student uprising in the National Technical University of Athens (Polytechneio) put an end to Papadopoulos’ efforts. Brigadier Dimitrios Ioannidis (center) used the Polytechneio revolt as a pretext to restore public order and organized a coup d’état overthrowing Papadopoulos and his government on November 25, 1973.
Ioannidis lasted only a few months, though. His arrogance led him to organize a coup in Cyprus, following his nationalist dream to unite the island with Greece. On July 20th 1974, Turkey invaded Cyprus. The dictator was forced to give up power three days later and on July 24, self-exiled Constantine Karamanlis returned to Greece.
His new party, New Democracy, won the November 1974 general election, and he remained prime minister. Parliamentary democracy was thus restored, and the Greek legislative elections of 1974 were the first free elections held in a decade.
George Miller’s Mad Max: Fury Road prequel Furiosa has been added to Australia’s list of high-profile productions, with filming on the origin story to commence in NSW in June.
Set to be shot across multiple locations in Western Sydney and regional NSW, the film is expected to be the biggest ever made in Australia, creating 850 jobs and injecting at least $350 million into the local economy.
This time 9 years ago my family was packing up to head to Africa. Excited to see what adventures this next instalment will bring! https://t.co/4mwwtRwq8c
— Olivana Smith-Lathouris (@OlivanaSmith) April 19, 2021
Star Chris Hemsworth, Miller, and producer Doug Mitchell joined NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian, Federal Minister for Communications, Urban Infrastructure, Cities and the Arts Paul Fletcher, NSW Arts Minister Don Harwin, and NSW Treasurer Dominic Perrottet in announcing the location for the project, which is being funded via NSW Government’s $175 million Made in NSW fund and PDV Rebate, as well as the Federal Government’s 40 per cent Producer Offset.
Furiosa will be produced by Kennedy Miller Mitchell Films, and financed by Warner Bros./Village Roadshow for worldwide distribution.
Miller said the support of both governments was “pivotal”.
“We are entirely grateful to the NSW Government and for the advice and help extended to us by Graeme Mason, CEO of Screen Australia, and Grainne Brunsdon, head of Screen NSW,” he said.
“They made it possible for the film to be greenlit, shot in Australia and for the production to be based in our home state.”
Written by Miller and Nick Lathouris, Furiosa stars Anya Taylor-Joy in the titular role of the story about how the renegade warrior came to team up with Mad Max in Fury Road.
Hemsworth and Yahya Abdul-Mateen II are the only other members of the cast to be announced as yet.
The Greek Community of Melbourne (GCM) recently hosted the Federal Minister for Housing and Assistant Treasurer, the Hon Michael Sukkar MP at its Lonsdale Street Greek Centre in Melbourne, according to a statement released by the organisation.
The Minister visisted the Greek Centre for the first time and was led on a tour of the 15-storey Centre culminating in a lengthy discussion at the roof top restaurant where he enjoyed a Greek coffee.
Minister Sukkar was greeted by GCM President Bill Papastergiadis and Greek Centre Director Jorge Menidis spoke of his Lebanese background at the hour-long meeting citing the many similarities between multicultural communities.
The Minister was effusive in his praise of the Greek Community. He was deeply impressed with the 15 storey cultural centre and in particular with the services that the Centre offered. He particularly felt that it was important that the GCM offered its services and spaces within the Centre to many other community groups. He regarded the Greek community as one of the key beacons of multiculturalism in Australia. He was deeply interested in the education and cultural programs of the GCM.
Minister enquired as to how the Greek community had been able to maintain its language services when many other ethnic groups struggled to do so.
Jorge Menidis gave a brief history of Greeks in Melbourne and the development of education services as a core practice of the GCM. Menidis explained how the education of third, fourth and fifth generation Greeks continued today and that the program now spread from pre-school programs such as ELA to the GCM’s active support of Tertiary education through connections with multiple Universities both here and abroad. Of particular note was the imminent University fo Melbourne Hellenic Chair in Diasporic Studies that the GCM facilitated with Federal Gpvernment support.
The Minister was also briefed on the GCM’s outreach to emerging ethnic communities such as the South Sudanese noting that the GCM was keen to share with other emerging groups its aquired knowledge and learnings.
Minister Sukkar also spoke at length about his own upbringing and the fact that it was made up of friends from numerous ethnic backgrounds. He felt he had a lot in common with people of greek background.
Sukkar also touched on how COVID impacted Australia both socially and economically. He was pleased to see the quick financial recovery in Australia and the rebounding of employment. He noted that Australia was one of the few countries globally that managed the outbreak of covid relatively successfully.
HomeBuilder has ignited the residential construction industry and has been a key part of Australia's economic recovery. #HomeBuilder means more jobs and more first home buyers. @SenSHenderson joined me today meeting local builders and first home buyers in Charlemont, Victoria. pic.twitter.com/0IRsuIy57n
Bill thanked Minister Sukkar for making the time to visit the Center and equally, thanked him for the interest he showed in the GCM’s program of activities and events.
Bill said “its important for organisations like ours to have the ear of Government. Through these conversations we can provide “on the ground” briefings on the key issues confronting ethnic groups. We can “bounce ideas and projects” with the country’s key decision makers and as we have seen in the past, this leads to direct action and results. Bill noted how successful the briefing was with Prime Minster Morrison some 2 years ago, which resulted in the announcement of some key grants.
Bill noted the similarities between the Lebanese and Greek communities and emphasised how the GCM’s language programs were a key component of cultural maintenance.
Bill also said that “it was equally heartening to see people of diverse backgrounds in Federal Cabinet. The notion of diversity has to be applied broadly. We need to have people of different ethnic backgrounds in parliament so as to truly reflect the cosmopolitan nature of Australia.
It was agreed that this would be the first of many such meetings with Minister Sukkar so that dialogue and ideas could continue to be exchanged.
Greece and Saudi Arabia have signed a deal to lend a Patriot air defence system to the Arab country to protect critical energy facilities, Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias said on Tuesday.
Dendias and Greek Defence Minister Nikos Panagiotopoulos met with Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhain in Riyadh.
“We signed an agreement to move a Patriot battery here in Saudi Arabia,” Dendias said in a press release, adding that he also signed a cooperation agreement with the Gulf Cooperation Council.
“This is a big step forward for our country regarding the cooperation with the Gulf countries and also a contribution to the wider security of the energy sources for the West,” he added.
The U.S.-made Patriot system will be used to protect critical energy facilities in the kingdom, a Greek diplomat said.
Yemen’s Iran-aligned Houthi movement, which is battling a Saudi-led coalition that intervened in the country’s war in 2015, has stepped up drone and missile attacks on Saudi targets in recent weeks.
The Patriot system is designed mainly to counter high-altitude ballistic missile attacks, which the kingdom has often had to deal with since intervening in Yemen.
Greece has vowed to expand military cooperation with traditional NATO allies as well as Middle Eastern powers in a race to modernize its armed forces and face its militarily assertive neighbor Turkey.
Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis visited an air base in southern Greece to attend multinational military exercises joined by fighter jets from the United States, France, Israel, Spain and the United Arab Emirates.
“We cannot be naive. We are facing a new set of threats,” Mitsotakis said, speaking in a hangar in front of aircraft taking part in the exercises. “Our world is extremely complex and our neighborhood is, unfortunately, becoming more unstable. Greece will continue to strengthen its defense capabilities and upgrade its armed forces.”
Greece spends more on defense than any other European Union country relative to the size of its economy. But it announced a major rearmament program last year following a naval standoff with Turkey over natural gas drilling rights in the eastern Mediterranean.
Thank you to @HQUSAFEAFAF for showing me breathtaking views of Greece from the cockpit of an F-16! We proudly join Greece & 6 other countries for #INIOCHOS21 showcasing Greece's unique geostrategic position & our expanding defense partnership which continues to reach new heights. pic.twitter.com/Pt9YzJSsSC
Under pressure from NATO allies, Greece and Turkey resumed diplomatic talks in January to try and ease the tension. Athens, however, is pressing ahead with an accelerated military upgrade program worth 11.5 billion euros over five years.
Greek officials at the weekend signed agreements worth $1.65 billion with Israel’s military and defense contractor Elbit Systems to create a new flight academy near the southern Greek city of Kalamata.
1/2 The #Israeli Air Force is participating in the Iniochos 2021 international training exercise in #Greece with several aircrafts alongside other partnering countries' Air Forces. #Iniochos2021📷IAF pic.twitter.com/0UDMBbqvwI
The air force has already begun overhauling its fleet of US-made F-16 fighters and has placed a 2.3 billion-euro order to buy 18 French-made Rafale fighter jets, some currently in service with the France’s military, along with an upgrade of compatible missiles.
ANZAC Day commemorates the date the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps landed at Gallipoli in Turkey on April 25, 1915, marking the first time the two armies fought together away from home for the noble ideas of freedom and democracy.
But what is the relevance of this to Greeks and Australians of Greek heritage?
The Gallipoli Campaign marked the beginning of enduring relations between the Greeks and Anzacs. During the Gallipoli Campaign, the Greek island of Lemnos became the headquarters of the battle, where ships were anchored, water and food was sourced, and hospitals were set up to look after the wounded. Only 25 years later, over 34,000 Anzacs returned to the Mediterranean for WWII and served with distinction in the Battle of Crete and the Greek Campaign.
To discuss this connection in further detail, The Greek Herald spoke with Nick Andriotakis, the Secretary of the Joint Committee for the Commemoration of the Battle of Crete and the Greek Campaign. This is what he had to say.
Nick Andriotakis with 103-year-old Anzac, Alf Carpenter. Photo supplied.
1. Nick Andriotakis, please tell us a little bit about the Joint Committee.
I am the Secretary of The Joint Committee for the Commemoration of The Battle of Crete and The Greek Campaign (Joint Committee). The Joint Committee is a non-profit organisation that is actively involved in commemorating the anniversary of the Anzac Battles of Crete and Greece for over 40 years. The Joint Committee was formed in the late 1970s by the Cretan Association of Sydney & NSW, the 2/3rd Field Regiment, the 6th Australian Division represented by Major General Sir Ivan Dougherty, Major General Ian Campbell, Major General Allan Murchison, Steve MacDougal, Bill Jenkins and Lew Lind.
The Joint Committee was associated with the: Federation of Naval Ships Association: Naval Association of Australia (NSW Branch); Ash eld RSL Sub-Branch and National Serviceman’s Association (NSW Branch) and the New Zealand Sub-Branch of the RSL. We have worked closely with The Returned Services League, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Government of the Hellenic Republic, Anzac families and the community. In 1979, the Greek Sub-Branch of the RSL were invited to join the committee and in 1980, their secretary Evangelos (Angelo) Efstratiadis OAM became its chairman. In 2001, James Jordan, the current chair, accepted the position.
The Joint Committee’s aim is to commemorate the Australian men and women that served in 1940-1945 on the Greek mainland, in the Greek seas and later, on and around the Greek island of Crete. The Joint Committee honours the Australian and Greek servicemen and women and their Greek allies by keeping their memory and legacy alive and relevant to contemporary Australia and future generations. The Joint Committee hosts an annual wreath laying ceremony on the anniversary of these campaigns at Martin Place, Sydney, on or around May 20.
The Australian men and women that served in 1940-1945 in Greece and Crete. Photo: The Australian War Memorial.
ANZAC is one of the most important aspects of modern Australian history. There were only two Anzac Corps – the 1st Anzac Corps being in Gallipoli in 1915 (used the Greek island of Lemnos as its headquarters, training grounds and hospitals), and then the 2nd Anzac Corps in Greece in 1941.
The Anzacs of Greece is an important Australian history that deserves to be known by all Australians and Greeks. Though it stands as the Second Anzac Campaign, the Battles of Crete and Greece are not so widely known and have been labelled the “Forgotten Anzacs.” Also, not so widely known is the participation and contribution in the Australian defence forces over the last 124 years of some 2,500 Australians of Greek heritage.
2. Can you describe your Cretan heritage and the influence of Anzac Day on you?
I was born in Crete and migrated to Australia with my family when I was six years old so therefore, my ancestors are all from Crete. However, I would like to share a story about the Australians that fought in Crete and how their experience influenced me.
When I was growing up in Sydney there were many Anglo-Celtic Australian families who attended the Cretan dances or socialised and visited Cretans in their homes and vice versa. The fathers of these families had fought in Crete and some of them were saved by the Cretan people until they escaped or were eventually captured by the Nazis. Some of them could even speak Greek. Meeting these families over time instilled in me a pride of being Greek for what the Greeks did at great risk to their lives to save and protect the Australians, but also an admiration at the Australians for fighting in the defence of Greece and how they and their families wanted to maintain this bond with the Greek people in Australia so many years later.
When I was about 18 years of age, I was in the Cretan Dancing Group of the Cretan Association and we were told that we had to march in our traditional Cretan costume on ANZAC Day, the most important day for all Australians. On this ANZAC Day, like so many before, the veterans put on their suits and proudly displayed their service medals and marched with their fellow soldiers and family within their own military unit association. Out the front, they had their standard (flag) and many had Greece or Crete as places of service. The streets were lined with tens of thousands of people to applaud and commemorate these war heroes.
Cretan youth march in the national costume on Anzac Day.
As we assembled at the beginning of the march route, one man in a suit and wearing his medals, called out to me in confident yet playful Australian slang, “You’re from Crete, aren’t you son?” to which I replied rather softly, “Yes sir.” He then said, “Come with me lad and stand next to me and march with me.” So I went over and stood next to him – after all, that is what we were supposed to do – march.
One of the organising security marshalls saw this and came over and said to me, “Sorry son, you cannot stand here,” to which the Anzac interjected, “Why not mate? The boy is marching with me.” At this point the marshall explained that I had to go to the back and march with all the other ethnics (immigrant groups). The Anzac looked at him fiercely and said, “Mate, these people saved my life and the boy is marching with me!” A verbal argument broke out but eventually rules are rules and I did go to the back with the ethnics.
That experience never left me and the facts have stayed with me vividly. With time, maturity and wisdom some thirty years later, after I had my own children, I wondered what would be the relevance of any of the legacy of a “Greek-Australian” for a new Australian generation? How relevant or what does it mean to be an Australian of a mixed Greek heritage? Are the classic stereotypes of migrant workers, milk bars and fish and chip businesses going to be the main things that will define us?
I thought about that unknown Anzac on Anzac Day. I realised that he was fighting for Greeks in 1941 and it dawned on me he was still fighting for them through me, a young immigrant kid, some nearly 40 years later on Anzac Day in Sydney. That epiphany made me join the Joint Committee and inspired me to fight for all these unknown veterans, many of whom had passed away. Why was their service in Greece not that well known in the wider community? What was it that created this special bond? To answer these questions, I thought one had to get involved in an underdog situation and go from there.
The Anzacs in front of the Parthenon in Grece. Photo: Australian War Memorial.
So my aim was to learn a lot more and be able to educate and honour that unknown Anzac and his brothers and sisters through the collective commemoration of all the Anzacs of Greece and Crete, so that the legacy of the bonds of the Anzacs and the Greek people in Greece during WWII and post-WWII are not forgotten but are made relevant in the future for all Australians.
This quote from Paul Kougias of the Joint Committee sums up exactly why the Anzacs of Greece is relevant and guides the Greek Australian narrative:
“ANZAC’s of Greece projects on the surface are about ensuring the legacy of the ANZAC spirit in Greece is not forgotten. From the staging of the Gallipoli campaign on Lemnos Island during WWI to the dogged resistance of the Nazi invasion of Greece that inexorably turned the tide of WWII, Australia and Greece share a history of strength and dignity against incredible odds. The sacrifices made by the youngest democracy in the world defending the oldest democracy should not be forgotten.
At its core however, these projects are also about the ongoing journey of a migrant community to define its story of what it means to be Australian. The offering of its home country’s culture through food and entertainment were the first few steps, but it’s the shared stories of heroism & courage of the ANZACs of Greece that has the strength in narrative to bring forward a deeper meaning in what it means to be an Australian of Greek heritage and further enhance the already successful Australian multicultural story.”
The Anzacs on the Greek island of Crete.
3. According to historians, the strong alliance between the ANZAC’s and Greece goes back to the First Anzac Campaign in Gallipoli during WWI. Some 87 Australians of Greek heritage fought in this campaign and later in Crete and Greece in WWII, earning the name ‘dual ANZACs.’ Can you tell me a little bit more about these men?
In fact, the military alliance between Australians and Greeks begins with Australians of Greek heritage serving with the colonial forces in the Boer War in South Africa (1897-1900).
In WWI, over 100 Australians of Greek heritage served in the first Anzac Campaign on Gallipoli and later in Western Europe. One of these, Peter Rados, was killed in Gallipoli, having been born as a Greek in the nearby Turkish town of Erdek. He migrated to Australia, enlisted in the army and ended up in Gallipoli.
Over 2,400 Australians of Greek heritage served in WWII and many served in Greece in the second Anzac Campaign.
After serving in WWI, in the 1st Anzac Corps in Gallipoli, veteran Constantine Aroney enlisted and served in the 2nd Anzac Corps on mainland Greece and Crete. He is a rare ‘Dual Anzac.’
(L): Constantine Aroney’s enlistment documents. (R) Documents for the British Empire Medal. Photos supplied.
Mr Aroney was born in Kythera in 1893 and at the turn of the 20th century, he came to Australia and was living in Melbourne. He served Australia in both World Wars, enlisting in the First Australian Infantry Force in 1915 at age 20 years and 11 months. He served as a private in the First Anzac Campaign at Gallipoli and then onto France and Belgium as part of the 24th Battalion. In October 1939, he enlisted in the Commonwealth Military Forces and seven months later, he transferred to the 2nd Australian Imperial Forces, serving in the second Anzac Campaign in Greece and Crete, as well as Syria, Palestine and North Africa. While serving in Greece, Aroney’s cultural background proved extremely valuable with his knowledge of the Greek language and customs. Following the debacle on mainland Greece, when the Allied forces were overrun by the German army, Aroney managed to escape to Crete in an open boat, taking 23 Anzacs with him, whom he cared for with the help of Greeks on Crete – a heroic feat for which he was awarded the British Empire Medal.
Probably the most decorated Greek Australian in WW1 was Sergeant Nicholas Rodakis MM, DSC (US), AIF. Mr Rodakis was born in Athens in 1880 and enlisted in the First AIF in February 1916. He fought in the Western Front and was attached to a United States army unit, and in September 1918, Rodakis’ platoon was cut off behind enemy lines. As the unit fought to survive, Rodakis rescued an American officer in no-man’s-land before capturing a German machine gun. He then defended his position for hours, before returning to the allied lines under cover of darkness, picking up wounded as he went. For his actions, Rodakis was awarded the Military Medal and the United States Distinguished Service Cross – the American equivalent of the Victoria Cross.
(L) Sgt Nicholas Rodakis, Photo courtesy of ‘Australians and Greeks’ by Hugh Gilchrist. (R) Rodakis 3rd from left in the front row. Photo supplied.
4. The Greek island of Lemnos also became the headquarters of the Gallipoli campaign on 4 March, 1915. What was the importance of this island to the Anzac campaign?
Greece was a neutral country in the early part of WWI due to the disagreement between King Constantine, who favoured neutrality, and the pro-Allied Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos. However, they did allow the British to use the island of Lemnos for the Gallipoli Campaign. Finally, Greece united and joined the Allies in the summer of 1917.
During the first Anzac Campaign in Gallipoli, the Greek island of Lemnos played an important strategic and operational role. Moudros Bay was large enough to harbour the vast British and French naval fleets and the island was used for obtaining supplies (including the famous donkey known as Simpson’s Donkey), training grounds and temporary tent hospitals, and to bury those that could not be treated and died.
The role of the Australian nurses was very significant and not as well noted as the role of the Anzacs in the Gallipoli Campaign. Moudros’ importance receded, although it remained the Allied base for the blockade of the Dardanelles during the war. In late October 1918, the armistice between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies was signed at Moudros.
The role of the Australian nurses on the Greek island of Lemnos was very significant.
From my perspective, Lemnos was the last place of normality for the Gallipoli Anzacs, the last place of peace, fresh water, clean air, bright sunshine, fresh brewed coffee, a Greek meal – all before the horrors of the Gallipoli Campaign. Lemnos was the last paradise. After they left Lemnos for Gallipoli, the lives of the Anzacs had changed for ever and so did Australia. Many of the wounded from Gallipoli were treated at the hospital base on Lemnos and some 250 Anzacs died and lie on Lemnos in the two Commonwealth cemeteries at Portianou and Moudros.
The town of Lemnos, Victoria, Australia, established in 1927 as a soldier settlement zone for returning First World War soldiers, was named after the island.
5. What was the role of the Anzacs in Greece during WWII?
Every year on October 28, the Greek people, including the diaspora, commemorate ‘OHI’ (NO) Day – the anniversary of the historic response of Greeks against Nazism, Fascism and Totalitarianism in WW2. On October 28, 1940, Greece said ‘NO’ to an Italian Fascist invasion and pushed them back and gave the Axis Powers their first defeat. This victorious defence destroyed the notion of Axis invincibility and gave hope to a battered and suffering world.
However, the result for Greece saying ‘NO’ created one of the most devastating impacts on any country in Europe. During WWII, Greece lost 11 percent of its population due to military conflict, civilian resistance, crimes against humanity and war resulting in famine and disease. Greece lost 80 percent of its Jewish population.
On October 28, 1940, Greece said ‘NO’ to an Italian Fascist invasion.
As a result of OHI and the Greek victory against the fascist Italians, the Nazis invaded Greece and consequently, the Allies came to its aid. In early April 1941, the Second Anzac Corps was established in Macedonia and followed the earlier victorious Australian naval engagements in Greek waters by HMAS Sydney in the Battle of Spada and HMAS Perth in the Battle of Cape Matapan. Greece, with the support of the ANZAC and Commonwealth Allies, resisted for over 210 days the invasion of the Axis forces. This resistance has been sighted by military leaders and historians as taking up valuable Axis power resources and delaying the Nazi invasion of Russia into a cold and harsh winter. The defeat of the fascist Italians and the delay of the Nazis in Greece is acknowledged as turning the tide of victory in the favour of the Allies.
The Second Anzac Campaign in Greece and Crete involved a second generation of Anzacs adding fresh pages to the history of their forefather’s service some 26 years earlier in the Dardanelles. Together with the Greek people, the Anzacs confronted overwhelming odds with determination and the Anzac ideals of courage, mateship and self-sacrifice. In 1941, over 34,000 Anzacs fought in Greece and about half were Australian. They fought and walked nearly 1,000 kilometres of Greece’s mountainous terrain and engaged in the Battles of Vevi, Tempe, Thermopylae/ Brallos and finally, in the Battle of Crete.
The Battle of Crete.
Of the 17,000 Australian soldiers, airmen and sailors that served in Greece, 1,001 were wounded, 5,174 taken prisoners and 646 now rest in the Commonwealth War Graves at Phaleron (Athens), Rhodes and Suda Bay, Crete. Most people are also unaware that 83% of 6,203 Australians captured in the Second World War came from the Greek and Crete campaigns.
6. What was the feeling in Greece at the time of the arrival of the Anzacs?
The Anzacs were greeted with enthusiasm as defenders and liberators of Greece and the roads in Athens were covered with the flowers thrown at them in their honour. Unlike other Commonwealth forces, the Anzacs had an egalitarian ethos with no class distinction, and this endeared them to the Greek people. Generally, negotiations with the Greek villagers were amicable however, there was minor fifth column of Greek spies that were Nazi sympathisers. But the significant majority of Greeks refused to bow to the Nazi superiority and this impressed the Australians.
7. How would you describe the relationship between the Anzacs and Greece during WWII?
The significant majority of Greeks supported the Anzacs after the Nazis had overrun the country and they were welcomed as liberators and defenders of Greece.
The Anzacs were welcomed as liberators and defenders of Greece. Photo: Australian War Memorial.
During the battles, the Anzacs defended many Greek civilians caught in the crossfire. Later, after the war was lost and many Anzacs had escaped into the mountains of mainland Greece and Crete, they were fed, clothed and hidden by the Greek people. However, a tiny minority of Greeks were Nazi sympathizers and would reveal to the Nazis this support of the Anzacs and many Greeks suffered. In addition, many Anzacs felt guilty at this suffering and many were also captured and became Prisoners of War (POW). This guilt and the experience at being POW’s never left them and created a silence in their lives after returning to Australia. They just would not talk about the atrocities seen in Greece and the conditions of being a POW.
A 90-year-old Cretan was asked a few years ago why he protected the Anzacs at great risk to himself and his family and he said, “And? So what? They came from far away to defend us, defend our freedom, democracy and all for the love of their country.” Another Cretan was asked how he felt when his house was burned by the Nazis after helping Anzacs. He replied, “The burning of our family home was our proud contribution to the war effort.”
The Tzangarakis family of Rethymno supported Australia’s First Indigenous Officer, Captain Reginald Saunders, with food and shelter for months.
Australia’s First Indigenous Officer, Captain Reginald Saunders. Photo: Australian War Memorial.
Many of the Anzacs believed what they were doing was just and had great respect for Greece and its people. Anzac Reginald Tresise had a lot of respect for Greece being the only nation in Europe helping the Allies fight for democracy.
My experiences with Anzac Dick Plant and his family also reveal how the experiences of the Anzacs laying their down their lives for the defence of Greeks and the Greeks reciprocating by supporting them at a large potential personal cost of losing their lives and their property, is a very special bond based on courage, philotimo and philoxenia and that it continues to affect the next generations and this really deserves to be always remembered.
On a brighter note, there were [also] some romances between Anzacs and Greek women and they married after the war.
8. There are so many tales of bravery from both the Greeks and Anzacs during WWII. Can you tell us which one stands out for you the most and why?
Constantine Aroney [who is described above] and General Paul A. Cullen DSO who served with bravery and distinction in World War II in the Battles of Greece and Crete [to name a few].
General Paul A. Cullen DSO served with bravery and distinction in World War II in the Battles of Greece and Crete. Photos supplied.
Captain Reginald Saunders:
Anzac Captain Reginald Saunders, Australia’s highest decorated Indigenous serviceman, was supported by the Tzangarakis family from the village of Labini in Rethymno prefecture. He evaded capture on Crete for almost one year until he finally escaped to Egypt.
Captain Saunders served Australia even though Australia did not allow him and all Indigenous Australians the right to vote until 1967. Outside the army he was considered a second-class citizen, but in the army he earned the respect of all his men. The Cretan people saw him as a fellow human being and risked their lives to support him. Captain Saunders later served Australia again in New Guinea and in the Korean War.
On November 11, Remembrance Day 2015, Captain Saunders was honoured at the Australian War Memorial with a new gallery bearing his name. It was the first time a room at the National War Memorial was named after a person. The ceremony was witnessed by his extended family and members of the Cretan and Greek communities. In May 2016, the 42nd Street Memorial plaque was unveiled in Chania, Crete, to commemorate the Battle of 42nd Street. Captain Reginald Saunders fought in this battle along with the Maori Battalion, who performed a haka before the onslaught against the Nazis. The Saunders family, along with journalist Michael Sweet and private donors from the Greek Australian community, have been instrumental in the creation of this memorial.
Sergeant Richard Sydney Turner was born in Sydney in 1916. He enlisted on October 28, 1939 and served with 6 Division Supply Column, Australian Army Service Corps. After service in Africa, he was captured by the Germans near Megara during the Greek Campaign in June 1941 but escaped from the train taking him to Germany between Lamia and Levadhia.
He was initially sheltered by the Greeks but this became too dangerous when Italian troops offered large rewards for the capture of Allied soldiers and threatened to shoot anyone harbouring them. Turner and a companion hid in the mountains south of Thessaly during the winter of 1941-1942. Weak from malnutrition and malaria, he was considering giving himself up when he met Ioannis Kallinikos from the village of Livanatas, who sheltered him for the next year and a half.
Turner joined the Greek resistance in the summer of 1943 and led a band of fifty Greek andartes (guerrillas). He later joined the British Military Mission in Greece (Force 133), which operated behind German lines. He was awarded the Military Medal for his endurance and service in Greece. In tragic circumstances, Turner was killed by Greek communist insurgents, during the civil war which broke out in Greece following the withdrawal of the Axis forces on 17 December 1944, while in a truck on his way to Athens airport to be repatriated to Australia.
Anzac Reginald Tresise:
[Author’s note] In Dr Maria Hill’s book, Diggers and Greeks, it is described how after withdrawing from Florina in northern Greece and sheltering in a schoolroom in the town of Kozani, Reginald Tresise noticed a Greek flag amongst the rubble of the bombed classroom. He rescued the flag and many years later, wrote a moving letter to the Mayor of Kozani about why “as an Australian soldier who has faith in Greece as a staunch ally of Western Democracies and especially of our British Commonwealth,” he wanted to return the flag.
Greatly touched by the letter, the Mayor replied and after Tresise sent the flag back to Kozani, the Mayor held an official ceremony at the school to “restore” the flag to its rightful place. Anzac Reginald Tresise was one of many Australian soldiers fighting in Greece who strongly believed that they were there to defend democracy against fascism.
9. Is there anything else you’d like to say?
Australians and Greeks have been interwoven for more than a century as solid, dependable allies and friends. Since the South African War (1899-1902), when Greek Australians fought in the Boer War, Australians and Greeks have been allies in all major world conflicts defending democracy, freedom, the rule of law and human rights. Both countries were involved in conflicts large and small, most famously the Anzac Campaigns of World War I and World War II. About 2,500 Australians of Greek heritage served Australia in WWI, WWII, Korea and Vietnam.
Some 1,686 Anzacs from both world wars lie in Greece and of these, nearly half were never found or their remains identified. They all now rest amongst their friends, comrades and their Greek allies in this ancient land.
OHI DAY is a much more relevant historical connection to all Australians than any other Greek Commemoration Day.
OXI Day in Greece.
The fact that Greeks said ‘NO’ to the passage of the Italian Army on October 28, 1940, resulting in the defeat of the Italians and the first defeat of the AXIS powers in WWII, triggered a series of events. These events included the Nazi invasion of Greece which was the catalyst for the defence of Greece by the Second Anzac Corps and other Commonwealth units. The final result was a destroyed country with 11 percent of its people dying from starvation, war, executions and disease. After the war, politically, financially and physically wounded with regards to its infrastructure and institutions, Greece could not support its people. Hundreds of thousands of Greeks migrated to Australia and other places.
In summary, OHI day is the genesis of the Anzac involvement in Greece in WWII and the consequences resulted in the post WWII migration of Greeks to Australia and other places. It is important to acknowledge, commemorate and honour this historical and unique tie OHI has resulted between Australians and Greeks.
The Anzac legacy and OHI day should continue to be commemorated remembered with honour by Australians and Greeks around the world. 2021 represents the 80th anniversary of Anzacs in the Battle of Crete and the Greek Campaign and also the bicentennial of the Greek War of Independence. The story of Anzac Reginald Tresise and the Greek flag as described is really relevant here.
Five Greek Australian photographers will display their creative work at a major photographic exhibition, titled ΦΩΤΟΓΡΆΦΟΙ 5 / PHOTOGRAPHERS 5, between May 3 and June 18 at the Macquarie University Art Gallery.
The photographers who will feature in the exhibition are Effy Alexakis, Marryanne Christodoulou, Irena Conomos, Yiannis Dramitinos and Tom Psomotragos, while Leonard Janiszewski is the curator.
Photo by Marryanne Christodoulou. Hydra, 2020, From 2 minutes to midnight series, 2019–2021, Cyanotype/Photogram on 100% cotton rag paper, 45 x 62 cm, ed 1/1, Collection of the artist. Photo supplied.
“We’re trying to get the arts moving again because they became dormant due to COVID-19. So the artists came together and thought, ‘let’s do something’. It’s really quite a diverse exhibition,” Mr Janiszewski tells The Greek Herald.
First used in the 1830s, the word ‘photography’ derives from the Greek ‘φωτός,’ a genitive of ‘φῶς,’ meaning ‘light,’ and ‘γραφή’ which is ‘a representation by means of lines’ or ‘drawing.’ Basically it equates to ‘drawing with light.’
Photo by Irena Conomos, FLAT, 2021, 30 x 28 cm, Digital print on Hahnemuhle paper, Collection of the artist. Photo supplied.
In this major exhibition, the photographers draw on and with light to reveal hidden truths, often inconvenient discourses, epiphanies of experience and experimentation, and a beguiling diversity of both physical and metaphysical aesthetics, to underscore the tangible and intangible of the human condition.
The works are all intriguingly and assertively intertwined, through powerful formalist qualities, social-cultural realism, political intent and critical discourses, all collectively demonstrating a humanist reverence.
Photo by Yiannis Dramitinos, From Mutton Bird series, 2021, Varying sizes, Printed on newsprint and lacquered, Collection of the artist. Photo supplied.
If you would like to see this exhibition for yourself, a curator and artists’ floor talk and informal launch will be taking place on Friday, May 14 at the Macquarie University Art Gallery at 1pm. The curator and photographers will discuss the exhibition and the individual works in detail, with refreshments to follow afterwards.
Full exhibition details:
The exhibition will run from May 3 – June 18, 2021 at the Macquarie University Art Gallery, The Chancellery (19 Eastern Rd, Macquarie University)
Mon – Fri, 10am – 5pm.
02 9850 7437.
artgallery.mq.edu.au.
Group booking welcome for guided tours
E: leonard.janiszewski@mq.edu.au T: 02 9850 7437.
Photo by Tom Psomotragos, Untitled panel, 2012 – 2021, Mural containing multiple panels 75 x 50 cm, Printed on newsprint and lacquered, Collection of the artist. Photo supplied.
Apartment owners will have to wait until late this year before work starts on removing combustible cladding from the first of 214 high-rise residential buildings in Sydney and other parts of NSW, the Sydney Morning Herald reports.
A NSW product safety panel has provided an initial list of recommended replacement products for the buildings to be fixed under the government’s remediation program, including solid aluminium panels and non-combustible cement render.
But Better Regulation Minister, Kevin Anderson, said every component recommended in the initial list had to meet the highest fire-safety standard. This remediation, he believes, could be done safely “over the next three years.”
The Grenfell Tower fire in London in 2017 claimed the lives of 72 people.
“In July, the technical detail and design will be done and we’ll be looking to start our first building by the end of the year,” Mr Anderson told the Sydney Morning Herald.
“Quite often owners corporations don’t have the technical capability or the expertise to be able to do that job. So we are providing a service under Project Remediate where they’ll manage that.”
This timeline by the state government for replacing dangerous cladding from the apartment buildings deemed at high risk – most in Sydney – has been criticised by Labor and the Greens, who accuse it of acting too slowly.
It comes four years since the Grenfell tower disaster in London that killed 72 people.
“Home owners need certainty. They need to know they are replacing this dangerous, flammable cladding once: that it won’t be outlawed again tomorrow. That’s why replacement cladding must be tested according to best, international practice,” Labor’s Courtney Houssos MLC says.
“There are still 214 high rise buildings with this dangerous, flammable cladding. All Kevin Anderson can say is that he hopes to start removing it by the end of the year. This is just a wasted four years by the NSW Liberals and Nationals, continuing to put homeowners at risk.”
But Mr Anderson said the remediation program was a “very big job”, and the government wanted to ensure the replacement of high-risk cladding was done right the first time.
“We have heard very clearly from consumers that they want it done right and they want it done the first time. They don’t want to come back in a few years’ time,” he said.
George Kambosos Jr and Teofimo Lopez have finally officially announced their fight and as expected, it will take place on June 5 on a Triller Fight Club pay-per-view. The location has not been named, but Miami has been the front-runner in prior reports.
Kambosos (19-0, 10 KO) is looking for what would definitely be a high-end ‘upset of the year’ contender, and wants to establish his legacy as one of the greats in Australian boxing.
“Definitely, this will put me as the greatest ever in Australian boxing,” Kambosos said during a press conference. “My focus has been this kid and taking his belts.”
George Kambosos Jr and Teofimo Lopez have finally officially announced their fight. Photo: Triller/Fite TV.
As for the belts, Lopez only brought his IBF and Ring Magazine straps to the show, though his WBA and WBO titles will also be on the line, as well as the WBC’s “franchise” belt.
“I’m a little upset that he didn’t bring the other belts as well. I’m gonna take ‘em all off you,” Kambosos said, to which Lopez replied, “This is as close as you’re getting to these.”
Lopez (16-0, 12 KO) insists he’s not looking past Kambosos, but he knows this isn’t the fight people wanted to see next, and he has an eye on the bigger names.
The fighters then put on a little theatrical show during the announcement. Photo: Triller/Fite TV.
“This is someone that’s in front of me, he’s in my way at the moment,” he said. “I gotta move him to the side and move to the guys everyone wants to see me fight next.”
The fighters then put on a little theatrical show, with Lopez removing his shirt and the two squaring up like they were about to fight, with host Ray Flores stepping between them.
After things “calmed down” and returned to normal, it was announced that the event will also feature an exhibition between Evander Holyfield, 58, and Kevin McBride, 47.
