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Five ancient Greek inventions that are remarkably still used today

Democracy, philosophy, medicine and geometry are just a few of the many Greek inventions that have formed the world we live in. While all of these are crucial elements of our society, sometimes it is the smaller, more practical inventions used around the world that people forget most.

Below are some of the interesting and amazing inventions that reflect Greece’s contribution to society.

The Alarm Clock (water clock)

Ctesibius’ water clock, as visualized by the 17th-century French architect Claude Perrault

An invention that society be lost without, the alarm clock’s origins began in ancient Greece in the 3rd century BC. Over time, the alarm clock has undergone a number of changes and improvements from the mechanical alarm to modern gadgets like cell phones, which come with an inbuilt alarm.

The core design of the alarm clock was developed by Hellenistic engineer and inventor Ctesibius (285–222 BC). He managed to fit his clepsydras or water clock with a dial and pointer to indicate the time, and added an elaborate alarm system which involved pebbles dropping on to a gong, or the blowing of a trumpet by forcing bell jars down into water and taking the compressed air through a beating reed at pre-set times.

The ancient Greek philosopher Plato (428–348 BC) was said to possess a large water clock with an unspecified alarm signal similar to the sound of a water organ.

Automatic Doors

The first automatic doors, invented by Heron of Alexandria. Image: Greeker than the Greeks

An invention we largely take for granted today, the automatic door was first developed in ancient Greece by the Heron of Alexandria.

A roaring fire would be lit on a large altar and some of the heat would be siphoned to a pot of water below. The heated, expanding gases would force water through a siphon into another tank attached to a balance system which operates the axles of the doors. When the tank filling with water would sink down, the doors would swing open.

The Heron of Alexandria was also responsible for creating the vending machine and a basic syringe!

The Odometer

Heron’s odometer was most probably an invention made by Archimedes. Image: Greeker than the Greeks

What invention would be able to replace the odometer for vehicles today? The odometer is one of modern society’s most used inventions and was first used for measuring distances in Greece around 27 BC.

While ancient military engineer Vitruvius thought it to be the work of Heron of Alexandria, evidence shows it was actually invented by Archimedes of Syracuse (287 – 212 BC), ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer and inventor.

The odometer was used in the late Hellenistic period and helped revolutionise the building of roads by accurately measuring distance.

The Lighthouse

Graphic reconstruction of the Pharos according to a 2006 study

Maybe not used as much today as 50-100 years ago, the lighthouse is still a staple invention that has served an incredible purpose in society for the last thousand years.

The first lighthouse was named the ‘Pharos of Alexandria’, named after the Greek word for lighthouse ‘Pharos.’ One of The Seven Wonders of the World, the pharos was one of the tallest manmade structures for centuries and was built by Sostratus of Cnidus between 280 and 247 BC.

The light was produced by a furnace at the top, and the tower was said to have been built mostly with solid blocks of limestone. Although, since the lighthouse was over 300 feet tall the use of limestone as the main material is doubtful due to the possibility of collapsing under its own weight.

The Automatic Servant of Philon (The First Robot)

Photo: The Kotsanas Museum

The first robot in human history was created by Greeks in the 3rd Century BC in the form of a maid holding a wine jug, known today as the the Automatic Servant of Philon.

The robot had only one purpose: fill a cup with wine and dilute it to the drinker’s desire. The individual was required to place a cup into the servant’s hand, which would weigh it down and permit air to enter a jug of wine, letting the wine spill into the cup. As the cup filled, weighing the hand down even further, air would be cut off to the wine jug and instead would be let into a water jug. Water would then flow into the cup until the drinker removed it.

More information about the servant can be found here: http://kotsanas.com/gb/exh.php?exhibit=0401001

Greek Australian footballer Christian Theoharous joins teammates in offer to forgo their salaries

Greek Australian footballer Christian Theoharous has joined his teammates at German club Borussia Monchengladbach in offering to “forgo” their salaries to help keep the club afloat during the coronavirus pandemic.

Borussia Monchengladbach and their players are expected to be dealt a massive economic hit, along with other clubs across Europe, due to the decision to suspend leagues during the outbreak.

“The team has offered to forgo salary if it can help the club and its employees,” Monchengladbach’s Max Eberl said in an interview on the team’s website.

“I am very proud of the boys. It’s a clear signal that we stand together for Borussia, in good times and in bad,” he added.

“They want to give something back to the club and therefore also to all the fans who support us. The coaching staff have followed suit, as have our directors and CEOs.”

Borussia Mönchengladbach first team. Photo: Borussia Mönchengladbach

Borussia Monchengladbach’s managing director Stephan Schippers affirms that finishing the current season, and therefore playing matches in the near future without fans in attendance, may be the only way teams can survive.

“We expect loss of revenue due to game cancellations, lack of ticket sales, possible lost TV revenue and lack of sponsorship money,” said Stephan Schippers.

Theoharous: Work ethic is most important

Theoharous is of Greek and Greek Cypriot descent, with his father being born in Pegia, Cyprus, while his mother was born in Australia to Greek-born parents.

The Australian started playing for Melbourne Victory in 2017, before signing for German club Borussia Monchengladbach on May 2018. He now currently plays for the German reserve team, Borussia Monchengladbach II.

Despite not yet making his senior debut with the Bundesliga outfit, he has had plenty of opportunities to mix with first team players and learn from them.

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Swipe for some Poetry

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“At the end of the day, training week in week out at 110% is the most important and having that hunger. This is also the thing that we’re missing in Australia is to have that hunger in training,” Theoharous said in an interview with Optus Sport.

“Because people do see that, you can’t miss working hard, that work ethic, that is the way to get the respect and that’s very important.

“If you get the respect of the players, they’ll pass you the ball and they’ll trust you. Trying to be mates with your teammates, even though you are a foreigner, I think relationships are very important.”

Olympic flame completes journey from Greece to Japan as doubts grow over Tokyo Games

The Olympic flame on Friday completed its difficult journey from Greece to Japan.

That signified a small, symbolic victory for the IOC and local organisers, who maintain the Tokyo Olympics will open on July 24 amid a chorus of doubters who believe they should be postponed or canceled because of the coronavirus pandemic.

“For the first time in 56 years, the Olympic torch is heading to Tokyo and I hope that the Olympic torch will illuminate the path of hope for many people,” organising committee President Yoshiro Mori said at a scaled-down arrival ceremony at an air base in northern Japan.

Read More: Katerina Stefanidi faces new challenge for Olympics as all training stadiums in Greece remain shut

Mori of course was referring to Tokyo’s famous 1964 Olympics. Tokyo was also to have been the venue for the 1940 Olympics, which were cancelled by World War II.

“We will work closely with the International Olympic Committee, the Japanese government, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government,” he said, and based on the World Health Organisation’s advice, “we will ensure a safe and secure games.”

The flame, carried in a tiny canister from Greece, reached Japan aboard a white aircraft painted with the inscription “Tokyo 2020 Olympic Torch Relay” along its side. The tail section was adorned with the refrain “Hope Lights our Way.

The flame lighting ceremony at the archaeological site of ancient Olympia at Peloponnese, the birthplace of Olympic Games. Photo: Shutterstock

The aircraft was welcomed on the tarmac by a small contingent of organising committee officials. Two of Japan’s most famous Olympians — three-time wresting gold medalist Saori Yoshida and three-time judo gold medalist Tadahiro Nomura — received the flame for the lighting ceremony.

The two climbed portable stairs and entered the aircraft before emerging holding the cradle-like canister with a flame burning inside. They handed it over at the base of the stairs to Mori, who delivered a brief acceptance speech in a gusting wind.

Read More: Coronavirus measures taken for Olympics torch-lighting ceremony in Olympia

Yoshida and Nomura then took the torch and ignited a large cauldron on the tarmac of the air base.

Mori referred to the “difficult situation” with the virus, and then thanked the IOC and Greek officials that the “hand-over ceremony was able to be held” with the Olympics set to open in just over four months.

The torch relay in Greece, following the symbolic lighting on March 12, was stopped during the second day and did not resume because of large crowds. Japanese organisers have asked crowds to be “restrained” and could stop or delay the relay if they are not.

Sourced by: Associated Press

Greek high schools go digital as Australian students continue to attend school

With almost twice the amount of infections as Greece, the Australian government is receiving pressure by teachers, parents and authorities to cancel schools and move online.

Forty-nine of Greece’s 74 regional units have already started offering online courses to high school pupils, with the complete process expected to be completed by Monday (March 23), the country’s Education Ministry said on Friday.

The Education Ministry also announced that they will adopt the same procedure next week for lower secondary education students.

The switch to remote education systems is a measure forced upon schools, after the ministry forced all schools shut, yet has not prevented children from continuing their education.

Ministry data shows that 1,996 digital classrooms delivered online lessons on March 17 and 4,198 lessons were held on March 18.

Right: Students across Australia are being encouraged to carry on going to school (pictured, a school in Cobargo in January)

Australian school arrangements remain unchanged

In a statement released by the Australian Prime Minister’s office on Friday, the National Cabinet agreed to the AHPPC advice regarding child care centre closures and noted that “pre‑emptive closures are not proportionate or effective as a public health intervention to prevent community transmission of COVID-19 at this time.” 

AHPPC also provided a series of risk mitigation measures for early learning and child care, including:

  • exclusion of unwell staff, children and visitors; 
  • reduce mixing of children by separating cohorts (including the staggering of meal and play times); 
  • enhanced personal hygiene for children, staff and parents; 
  • full adherence to the NHMRC childcare cleaning guidelines;
  • excursions other than to local parks should be discouraged; and
  • influenza vaccination for children, staff and parents.

AHPPC also noted that, “there may need to be consideration of alternative arrangements for highly vulnerable children” and recommended “these parents seek medical advice.”

As countries around the world shut schools, the Australian government receives added pressure to follow suit.

As of March 21, Australia currently possesses 876 coronavirus cases, with 7 deaths. Meanwhile, Greece has recorded a total of 495 cases, with the amount of deaths increasing by 4 overnight, to a total of 10.

Government bans travel to the Greek islands for non-residents

The Greek government has made the decision to ban travel between the Greek islands, only allowing permanent residents of islands to access transport ferries. The decision comes as the Greek government recognises that the islanders require stronger protection from the coronavirus.

The measure to contain the spread of the pandemic goes into effect at 6:00 o’ clock Saturday morning, March 21, 2020.

Shipping Minister Giannis Plakiotakis stated that people from the mainland who are already on the islands will be allowed to return.

“The smaller the island where one believes they will travel to for protection, the more difficult, if not impossible, one’s care will be if this person becomes ill,” he said in a televised statement.

Read More: Hotels in Greece ordered shut as all passenger flights expected to be grounded

The measure had been requested by local authorities, especially on the Greek islands and in regions far from large urban centres, who have urged that non-locals to stay away in order to protect residents from the highly infections virus.

Despite local authorities calls to stay away, ferries rejected these warnings on Friday morning, with one ferry leaving the port of Piraeus with a very crowded group of people.

Read More: Shortage of masks and gloves forces 300 medical staff into isolation in Greece

“The message is We Stay Home, we restrict our movements to the utmost necessary to protect ourselves and our fellow citizens. Some people still do not follow the instructions to Stay Home, so we have to do everything we can,” Giannis Plakiotakis said.

The ferries will supply the islands will resources, transport permanent residents and bring non-residents back to the mainland.

Greek Orthodox Churches in NSW use live streams to bring services into our homes

Local Greek Orthodox Parishes across Sydney are doing what they need to ensure their local community can participate with the Church services from the comfort of their own homes, in an era of ‘social distancing’.

Following His Eminence Archbishop Makarios’ announcement yesterday that all public worship in churches will be suspended, local parishes are offering Live Facebook streaming, and Live YouTube streaming, bringing the church into everyones home.

St Stylianos in Gymea, Sts Raphael, Nicholas & Irene in Liverpool and All Saints in Belmore, have all transferred their Sunday church services online to Facebook, live streaming them for public viewing.

Meanwhile, St Stephanos in Hurlstone Park and St Spyridon Parish in Kingsford are reaching out to the Greek Orthodox community for people to subscribe to their YouTube accounts, in an effort to go live from the video sharing platform, and ensuring that all services in the current environment can be followed in every home from their Smart TV.

PLEASE SHARE, CLICK & SUBSCRIBEWe need 1,000 subscribers on YouTube to go live.PLEASE Click the Link and Subscribe. Thank you.https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-5bUqDwk2avFpbOiBmMzhg

Posted by St Spyridon Parish – Sydney on Thursday, 19 March 2020

PLEASE SHARE CLICK AND SUBSCRIBE We need 1000 subscribers on You Tube to go live.PLEASE Click the link and subscribehttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3RTRabPZfTpZv7pDiQcBpA

Posted by St Stephanos Hurlstone Park on Thursday, 19 March 2020

As society moves towards the digital age, it is vital that the churches adapt and utilise new technology to keep historic traditions alive. Live Streaming on Facebook and YouTube ensures their local communities remain close to their local parish, and can participate in the service from their phone, tablet or T.V.

Read More: His Eminence Archbishop Makarios: From today our churches will remain closed to the faithful

“COVID-19 is a pandemic. As such there are big questions facing the church communities and religious groups around the world. How should churches handle COVID-19? Should Churches continue Sunday service?” Steven Rafeletos, Chairman of the Board of Directors of All Saints Parish Belmore says.

“The Church always has a role to play when our communities are hurting, and church leaders need to be compassionate and creative as ways are identified to serve our community and meet their needs.”

Our Parish responds to COVID-19. Please read the attached document.

Posted by Greek Orthodox Parish and Community of Belmore and District "All Saints" on Thursday, 19 March 2020

The Official Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia Official Youtube account will likely live stream any service featuring His Eminence Archbishop Makarios and can be accessed through the link below:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChA5BBagN4y6zWiO9fD0RHA

Vasili’s Taxidi: With the Best Framers in the Business – Masterpiece Picture Framers

By Vasilis Vasilas

One admirable aspect of the diversity of Greek businesses and their contribution to the Australian local, national and international markets is how they have become leaders in their respective areas. Over time, these entrepreneurs gain the expertise, experience and skills that sets them apart from their competitors. Moreover, their high-quality product and service are the strong foundations needed to withstand market changes and momentary fashions. And this is why customers seek out them out and returning for their products and services. 

Step into so many Greek households and how many framed photographs could we count? Before everyone became a photographer, via their mobile phone, and our piles of physical photo albums disappeared into iClouds, we framed the memorable moments to decorate these snapshots of our lives. Whether they adorned our walls or our wall unit, framed photographs captured the bonds to the memorable past; how many of our parents decorate their homes with framed photographs of their parents, their own family, their children’s weddings and their grandchildren. Along the hallway, in the lounge and dining rooms… and even in the bedrooms! The need to frame our special moments was so important in our attempts to enrich our memories.  

Remaining at the forefront of their respective field is Masterpiece Picture Framers at St Peters, which is run by the charismatic brothers, Kostas, Theodoros and Giorgo Lianos. If customers’ first impression upon entering the Masterpiece Picture Framers is the spacious and beautifully decked out showroom, then the second, and lasting, impression, is Kostas, Theodoros and Giorgos’ polite manner in dealing with their customers. They may have almost fifty years of experience in this business but observing their operation highlights how they have mastered their business; whether they are offering their expert advice to customers or making up the frames, the organisation of their business and work is a well-refined, smoothly-run machine. They are not just amazing at their work, they all have wonderful characters which compliment each other- and customers immediately realise this.

Kostas has been in the framing business since 1972; as Masterpiece Picture Framing continued to boom in the 1970s, he invited his brothers, Theodoros and Giorgos, to migrate to Australia and join the business. Having studied accounting and economics respectively, Theodoros and Giorgos brought their expertise and knowledge to the bureaucratic side of the business.

Masterpiece may have been based in Haymarket but all three brothers ran stall at various markets on weekends whether at Flemington, Fairfield or Bankstown- they even went down to the Wollongong and Canberra markets! In the late 1980s, the brothers separated the workshop from their retail business, and moved it to Sans Souci. 

Over the years, Masterpiece Picture Framing had stores in the MLC building and Oxford Street, as well as Marrickville and Miranda. For a couple of decades, however, their flagship store was at Broadway; as the Lianos brothers believed it was important to have a strong presence in the city.

What was impressive about the Broadway store was its spacious premises; it provided the room for the brothers to display their high-quality and diverse work. As a consequence, we had all sorts of customers, whether politicians, sports stars, television stations, artists; with such high profile customers, they exposed Masterpiece Picture Framing to a broader client base. 

And their experience and reputation culminated to do the framing of several art exhibitions, including one for the famous caricaturist, Tony Raftis, which was a great success.

 Since 2006, Masterpiece Picture Framing relocated the current premises on King Street, opposite St Peters railway station.  Prior to this relocation, Kostas, Theodoros and Giorgos worked in their respective showrooms; their King Street showroom brought them together and they have been working side by side ever since.

Asking Kosta about the close band among the brothers, he points out, ‘There is nothing greater than working with the people so dear to you. Theodoro and Giorgo, and I, work all day and then sit down at the end of the day and have a coffee together. We enjoy this strong sense of family within our business.

‘Over the years, I realised hard work is not enough for success in business; you also need co-operation. In ours case, the three of us worked as brothers and partners and we are lucky we succeeded together.’

The story of Masterpiece Picture Framing was featured in Vasilis’ book, ‘Beyond the Shop Windows and Counters.

United Nations launches #HappinessForAllTogether campaign for 2020 International Day of Happiness

As we bind together in this time of crisis, it is important that people celebrate International Day of Happiness on March 20th, which the United Nations NWO (UNNWO) have campaigned as #HappinessForAllTogether.

The International Day Of Happiness campaign theme is a call on all 7.8 billion members of the global human family, and all 206 nations and territories of planet earth, to unite in finding positive ways to look after ourselves and each other.

As the world bands together to fight back against the COVID 19 Coronavirus, the United Nations have developed the #TenStepsToGlobalHappiness challenge.

“A pandemic drives home the essential interconnectedness of our human family. I’m deeply moved by the acts of kindness, generosity, and solidarity happening around the world in the face of COVID 19. We are in this together – and we will get through this together,” said UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres ahead of today’s 2020 International Day of Happiness celebration.

30-day Coping Calendar. Photo: Action For Happiness

“Global citizens, we are in this together. At this critical time, there is no greater case for collective action than our joint response to COVID 19. I join United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres in solidarity with all who are affected by COVID 19. We are in this together and we will get through this together,” said Deputy Secretary General Amina J. Mohammed.

“This year’s #TenStepsToGlobal Happiness challenge is a call upon our common humanity to unite and win against this global crisis, and, to get back on track to one day achieving the United Nations 2012 call for global happiness, wellbeing, and freedom of all life on earth,” said Luis Gallardo, founder of Happytalism, the United Nations Gross Global Happiness Executive Education program.

The Ten Steps To Global Happiness Challenge is an annual tradition, with this year’s steps focused on great global endeavour to #FlattenTheCurve. 

Come together: the International Day of Happiness

Below is an outline of each step, which you can read more about on their website here:

1. Let’s stick together.

2. Follow the World Health Organization’s advice and guidance.

3. Virtually attend a world happiness event.

4. Stay social online and do what makes you happy!

5. Be kind to others, share with those in need, and say thank you.

6. Stay active and be mindful.

7. Be optimistic, positive, and resilient during these challenging times.

 8. Stay informed about facts and news regarding the COVID 19 outbreak, and avoid myths.

9. Enjoy nature, and connect with the environment during this period.

10. Adopt Happytalism!

Happytalism is just one of several models which respond to the United Nations 2012 call for a New Economic Paradigm, taking a holistic approach to economic development and all life, and preventing sudden crises such as a global disease pandemic.

Funeral services in Greece limited to 10 people with strict measures undertaken

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Greece have had a total of 464 confirmed coronavirus cases, announced this evening at the daily briefing by Sotiris Tsiodras, with 6 deaths being recorded.

The coronavirus outbreak has impacted all forms of life, including work, schools and church services. Strict measures are being applied for funerals, for both those who have died from the coronavirus and those who have died for other reasons.

All funerals in Greece are under strict quarantine management, which are held privately without a memorial meal. Funeral homes throughout the country have received instructions from the authorities regarding the procedure to be followed at the funeral of a person who dies from COVID-19.

Read More: All services of the Orthodox Church suspended by Ecumenical Patriarchate until end of March

Fanis Baboulas, the owner of funeral homes in several cities, including Thessaloniki, spoke with Sputnik News, who detailed the process of burying someone who passes as a result of the virus.

“If a person dies from the coronavirus infection, their body is first wrapped in a bag, and then placed in a closed coffin, which is not be opened. The funeral and burial should take place in the cemetery with no more than five close relatives present,” Mr Baboulas points out to Sputnik News.

Baboulas also states that funerals of people who died for other reasons are also held under strict conditions, under new laws brought by the government in an effort to reduce the spread of the virus.

“Only the closest relatives can enter the church, from five to 10 people; all the rest should be on the street. There’re no memorial meals or farewells to the deceased,” Mr Baboulas added.

“Two funerals took place yesterday and the day before yesterday. There were 9 people present at one funeral, and there were 14 relatives present at the other. The body of the deceased is not allowed to be in the house even for a short time. Everything is prohibited. The only thing that can be done is holding a ceremony (funeral service) in the church with a very small number of people present.”

Read More: His Eminence Archbishop Makarios: From today our churches will remain closed to the faithful

With new 100 person limits placed for indoor gatherings, put in place by the Australian government, His Eminence Archbishop Makarios announced that all Greek Orthodox churches in Australia were to remain closed to the faithful.

“Sacraments and funerals will continue to take place but only in the presence of the immediate family members,” the statement reads.

His Eminence asked the faithful to show “understanding, unity and confidence” during this difficult time.

VIDEO: Migrants attempt to enter Greece using makeshift bridges at Greek-Turkish border

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Footage has emerged on Thursday of migrants constructing and deploying makeshift bridges as they are repelled with tear gas at the Greek-Turkish border.

On social media, users posted videos of reportedly 500 migrants that are hauling what are supposedly bridges meant to lay across barbed wire fencing, allowing migrants to climb over quickly. The migrants faced resistance at the border in the form of Greek police, who used tear gas to stop the migrants.

According to idnes.cz, tear gas was also used by the Turkish police against the Greek security forces. Turkey has been accused by Greek media and European correspondents numerous times for trying to help migrants enter Greece.

Footage was previously captured by Associated Press showcasing over a dozen Turkish police officers firing tear gas at Greek forces.

Riots on the Greek-Turkish border had experienced a few days of ease, before Wednesay morning where clashes continued to pursue.

During the clashes, Greek police used tear gas and water cannons against hundreds of migrants. Migrants then lit several fires on the Turkish side of the border.

According to the Associated Press, there are still about 2,000 migrants at the border in makeshift tents who believe they can still get into the EU.

Ekathimerini reported that members of the security forces from other European Union countries, sent by the EU border protection agency Frontex, remain active helping Greece protect its border.